Shot Peening Blast Cleaning Universe: Library

1. Introduction and Historical Overview by: Peter O'Hara

Abstract: The action of peening or cold working a surface is not new; craftsman for hundreds, indeed thousands of years have used the technique on armour, weapons and various tools manufactured in copper, bronze, iron and steel. Indeed Homer, the Greek chronicler, comments on certain copper spear heads penetrating breast plates with ease whilst others did not. At that time the reasons for these results may not have been fully appreciated but most definitely the effect was noticed and hence it was used extensively. Hammer hardening as it was then known used the ball pein hammer to work harden the surface and greater wear resistance was noted along with improved resilience enabling greater life of the part.

2. The Rational Basis of the Peening Process by: F. Sherratt

Abstract: Shot peening is used because experience has shown that it improves their performance of engineering components. In the first instance we need look no further, but if the process is to be used on a wide scale, in differing circumstances and with differing objectives we will need to examine more precisely what it does. Later chapters will describe in detail the various applications of shot peening, and how they are implemented. Both these factors must depend on the underlying physical process which makes peening beneficial. If we had a full understanding of this the conditions needed to get the best possible performance in all circumstances could be identified, but the reality is that in spite of substantial research efforts this is still not possible. A later chapter surveys the research, and no attempt will be made to duplicate this, but instead we will look at what shot peening does, and speculate on what causes the improvements we see.

3. Basic Techniques and Key Parameters by: John Eckersley

Abstract: If a definition can be put on the term ìshot peeningî, it is probably safe to say that it is a process that involves the bombardment of metal parts by millions of essentially spherical particles for the purpose of totally preventing or greatly retarding the failure of that part. The important point here is the prevention or retardation of metal failures. Bombardment of metal parts, even with spherical particles, is often employed as a means of removing heat treating scale (shot blasting), for texturing a surface or even deburring but since none of these processes involve increasing the life of the part, strictly speaking, they are not shot peening.

4. Problems Addresses by Shot Peening
4.1 Fatigue and Fretting by: Peter OíHara
4.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking by. J.M. Mogul
4.3 Shot Peen Forming by: R. Tatton and D. Tyler
4.4 Search Peening by: E.R. Thompson

5. Techniques and Equipment by G.J. Hammersley

Abstract: The minimum requirement for a controlled shot peening machine is a means of delivering media in a controlled/repeatable fashion onto the workpiece. At the other end of the scale machines are equipped with directional control enabling mechanized variation in shot flow direction and/or workpiece motion, a means of media return which include systems for grading, cleaning and classifying shot, cycle control to ensure repeatability of processing time and machine movements and finally all of these controls can be monitored by computer.

6. Standards and Specifications by: D. Francis

Abstract: In this chapter we discuss the various specifications available to the designer when calling out shot peening. This examination will include a review of specifications regulating the multitude of media types currently in use, the methods and equipment used to control shot peening, and the shot peening practice itself. The sources most often drawn upon for shot peening specifications include government agencies such as the US Department of Defense, engineering societies, and major private design activities. Since many of the specification discussed in this chapter are being edited on an ongoing basis, the revision status is not included here. The reader should be advised that details of these standards

7. Acceptable Product Variability and the Shot Peen Process: Performance Oriented Processing by: R.S. Simpson

Abstract: The reader should be advised that the approach taken in this chapter varies significantly from that taken in several other chapters. It is the authorís intent to illustrate why the traditional approach to shot peen process verification, as exemplified by several current and commonly used ìcontrolled shot peeningî specifications, has a high likelihood of resulting in a mathematically predictable lack of production process benefit reliability. the author will show how meeting but not exceeding these specifications in any substantive way will result in a statistically unreliable process, a process which may very well deliver very little fatigue strength benefit to some production workpieces. this is the very essence of the problem which has historically plagued the shot peen process.

8. Applications of Shot Peening in Aerospace Structures by: P.T.E. Bush

Abstract: Within British Aerospace the blasting processes used fall into tow categories, namely: Processes where material is removed by angular shot to provide a mechanical key prior to painting or bonding, or s a decontamination process where Alumina shot is used to remove iron deposits resulting from peening or; Processes where material is moved using spherical steel or glass shot, inducing a residual compressive stress into the surface. The compressive stress induced into the surface is used in three ways.

9. The Application of Shot Peening Technology in the Aero Engine Industry by: P. Webster and T. Cunningham

Abstract: Since the early days of the Gas Turbine engine there has been a desire to improve its capability to produce thrust ìeconomicallyî. this requires demanding targets for efficiency and weight to be met. A typical example of a modern Gas Turbine Engine is shown.

10. Shot Peening Truck Gears by: D.W. Barnett

Abstract: Modern truck transmissions are constantly being required to transmit more torque for a smaller package size to meet the customers needs for a more efficient, cost effective unit with higher reliability. They must be capable of withstanding high shock loads and operating at high torqueís over extended periods, all of which puts a great strain on the resourcefulness of the designer.

11. Shot Peening of Automobile Components by: W. Schutz

Abstract: Shot peening has been employed in the automotive industry for a longer time than in any other industry. What is more, far more automobile components have been and are being shot peened than in all other industries combined. For example, even a small, simple 4 cylinder car carries at least 12 shot peened components, namely eight valve springs and four suspension springs.

12. Shot Peening: A Prevention to Stress Corrosion Cracking - A Case History by: S. Clare and J. Wolstenholme

Abstract: This chapter gives a case history of a stress corrosion cracking problem in two vessels used in a certain process engineering application, the correction of which involved the use of shot peening. The process forms part of the manufacture of a chemical used as an additive to rubber compounds, to protect against deterioration through oxidation, and the vessels are called ìwashersî.

13. Shot Peening Current Research by: R. B. Waterhouse

Abstract: The now commercially important process of shot peening developed from the empirical method of cleaning metal surfaces, e.g. in the fettling of castings, by blasting them with sand or other particulate material. With the realization that the treatment could also have significant effects on the mechanical properties of the components, considerable refinements were introduced in the quality and size of the shot and the determination of peening intensity by use of the Almen strip. Since then, developments in the investigation of the process have proliferated with the measurement of the stress profile by hole drilling, x-ray diffraction and lately the Barkhausen effect, with a vast literature on the effects on fatigue behaviour, stress corrosion and related processes such as peen forming and stress peening. In this chapter more recent investigations into the process itself and the consequences of the treatment are described and some pointers given to the direction in which future research might be encouraged.

14. Concluding Remarks by: K.J. Marsh

BOOKS and CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
on SHOT PEENING and BLAST CLEANING

List of Articles and Authors: $ 140.00 USD

Title: Shot Peening: Techniques and Applications

Edited by: K.J. Marsh



Library Home Specification List (from EI Library) Specification List (Almassy pdf) Books/ Proceedings Suggest an article Search the Library		BOOKS and CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS on SHOT PEENING and BLAST CLEANING List of Articles and Authors: $ 140.00 USD Title: Shot Peening: Techniques and Applications Edited by: K.J. Marsh 1. Introduction and Historical Overview by: Peter O'Hara Abstract: The action of peening or cold working a surface is not new; craftsman for hundreds, indeed thousands of years have used the technique on armour, weapons and various tools manufactured in copper, bronze, iron and steel. Indeed Homer, the Greek chronicler, comments on certain copper spear heads penetrating breast plates with ease whilst others did not. At that time the reasons for these results may not have been fully appreciated but most definitely the effect was noticed and hence it was used extensively. Hammer hardening as it was then known used the ball pein hammer to work harden the surface and greater wear resistance was noted along with improved resilience enabling greater life of the part. 2. The Rational Basis of the Peening Process by: F. Sherratt Abstract: Shot peening is used because experience has shown that it improves their performance of engineering components. In the first instance we need look no further, but if the process is to be used on a wide scale, in differing circumstances and with differing objectives we will need to examine more precisely what it does. Later chapters will describe in detail the various applications of shot peening, and how they are implemented. Both these factors must depend on the underlying physical process which makes peening beneficial. If we had a full understanding of this the conditions needed to get the best possible performance in all circumstances could be identified, but the reality is that in spite of substantial research efforts this is still not possible. A later chapter surveys the research, and no attempt will be made to duplicate this, but instead we will look at what shot peening does, and speculate on what causes the improvements we see. 3. Basic Techniques and Key Parameters by: John Eckersley Abstract: If a definition can be put on the term ìshot peeningî, it is probably safe to say that it is a process that involves the bombardment of metal parts by millions of essentially spherical particles for the purpose of totally preventing or greatly retarding the failure of that part. The important point here is the prevention or retardation of metal failures. Bombardment of metal parts, even with spherical particles, is often employed as a means of removing heat treating scale (shot blasting), for texturing a surface or even deburring but since none of these processes involve increasing the life of the part, strictly speaking, they are not shot peening. 4. Problems Addresses by Shot Peening 4.1 Fatigue and Fretting by: Peter OíHara 4.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking by. J.M. Mogul 4.3 Shot Peen Forming by: R. Tatton and D. Tyler 4.4 Search Peening by: E.R. Thompson 5. Techniques and Equipment by G.J. Hammersley Abstract: The minimum requirement for a controlled shot peening machine is a means of delivering media in a controlled/repeatable fashion onto the workpiece. At the other end of the scale machines are equipped with directional control enabling mechanized variation in shot flow direction and/or workpiece motion, a means of media return which include systems for grading, cleaning and classifying shot, cycle control to ensure repeatability of processing time and machine movements and finally all of these controls can be monitored by computer. 6. Standards and Specifications by: D. Francis Abstract: In this chapter we discuss the various specifications available to the designer when calling out shot peening. This examination will include a review of specifications regulating the multitude of media types currently in use, the methods and equipment used to control shot peening, and the shot peening practice itself. The sources most often drawn upon for shot peening specifications include government agencies such as the US Department of Defense, engineering societies, and major private design activities. Since many of the specification discussed in this chapter are being edited on an ongoing basis, the revision status is not included here. The reader should be advised that details of these standards 7. Acceptable Product Variability and the Shot Peen Process: Performance Oriented Processing by: R.S. Simpson Abstract: The reader should be advised that the approach taken in this chapter varies significantly from that taken in several other chapters. It is the authorís intent to illustrate why the traditional approach to shot peen process verification, as exemplified by several current and commonly used ìcontrolled shot peeningî specifications, has a high likelihood of resulting in a mathematically predictable lack of production process benefit reliability. the author will show how meeting but not exceeding these specifications in any substantive way will result in a statistically unreliable process, a process which may very well deliver very little fatigue strength benefit to some production workpieces. this is the very essence of the problem which has historically plagued the shot peen process. 8. Applications of Shot Peening in Aerospace Structures by: P.T.E. Bush Abstract: Within British Aerospace the blasting processes used fall into tow categories, namely: Processes where material is removed by angular shot to provide a mechanical key prior to painting or bonding, or s a decontamination process where Alumina shot is used to remove iron deposits resulting from peening or; Processes where material is moved using spherical steel or glass shot, inducing a residual compressive stress into the surface. The compressive stress induced into the surface is used in three ways. 9. The Application of Shot Peening Technology in the Aero Engine Industry by: P. Webster and T. Cunningham Abstract: Since the early days of the Gas Turbine engine there has been a desire to improve its capability to produce thrust ìeconomicallyî. this requires demanding targets for efficiency and weight to be met. A typical example of a modern Gas Turbine Engine is shown. 10. Shot Peening Truck Gears by: D.W. Barnett Abstract: Modern truck transmissions are constantly being required to transmit more torque for a smaller package size to meet the customers needs for a more efficient, cost effective unit with higher reliability. They must be capable of withstanding high shock loads and operating at high torqueís over extended periods, all of which puts a great strain on the resourcefulness of the designer. 11. Shot Peening of Automobile Components by: W. Schutz Abstract: Shot peening has been employed in the automotive industry for a longer time than in any other industry. What is more, far more automobile components have been and are being shot peened than in all other industries combined. For example, even a small, simple 4 cylinder car carries at least 12 shot peened components, namely eight valve springs and four suspension springs. 12. Shot Peening: A Prevention to Stress Corrosion Cracking - A Case History by: S. Clare and J. Wolstenholme Abstract: This chapter gives a case history of a stress corrosion cracking problem in two vessels used in a certain process engineering application, the correction of which involved the use of shot peening. The process forms part of the manufacture of a chemical used as an additive to rubber compounds, to protect against deterioration through oxidation, and the vessels are called ìwashersî. 13. Shot Peening Current Research by: R. B. Waterhouse Abstract: The now commercially important process of shot peening developed from the empirical method of cleaning metal surfaces, e.g. in the fettling of castings, by blasting them with sand or other particulate material. With the realization that the treatment could also have significant effects on the mechanical properties of the components, considerable refinements were introduced in the quality and size of the shot and the determination of peening intensity by use of the Almen strip. Since then, developments in the investigation of the process have proliferated with the measurement of the stress profile by hole drilling, x-ray diffraction and lately the Barkhausen effect, with a vast literature on the effects on fatigue behaviour, stress corrosion and related processes such as peen forming and stress peening. In this chapter more recent investigations into the process itself and the consequences of the treatment are described and some pointers given to the direction in which future research might be encouraged. 14. Concluding Remarks by: K.J. Marsh
		This page is a service of Electronics Inc. Comments and suggestions: shotpeener@shotpeener.com Revised: 6/02

BOOKS and CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS on SHOT PEENING and BLAST CLEANING

List of Articles and Authors: $ 140.00 USD

Title: Shot Peening: Techniques and Applications

Edited by: K.J. Marsh

BOOKS and CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
on SHOT PEENING and BLAST CLEANING