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Title: Effects Of Residual Stress On Rolling Bodies, Appendix I
Author: Almen, J. O.
Source: Elsevier Publ.,Roll.Contact Phenom., p. 400
Publication year 1952
Document number: 1952001
Number of pages: 25
Abstract:
It is well known that almost all dynamically loaded parts in our modern high-duty machines suffer from or profit by residual stresses. Residual stresses are developed by
processing operations such as hot or cold forming, heat treatments, machining, grinding, polishing, rolling, tumbling, shot peening, straightening and many more, including
local plastic yielding in the course of normal service. The causes of residual stresses and their effects on fatigue failure and other brittle-type failures are rapidly
becoming better understood in academic circles as well as in industry. The purpose of this paper is to show how residual stresses are developed and how they affect the
functioning of compressively loaded rolling bodies, such as ball and roller bearings.
During the last thirty years I have repeatedly found convincing evidence that rolling bodies, including those made of the hardest steel, undergo extensive changes during
normal service because of local plastic flow of the compressively loaded metal. These changes necessarily caused residual stresses most of which indicated deterioration of
the part.
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